RV Generators: 10 Best Tips for the Ultimate Off-Grid Power Experience

Embarking on an RV adventure promises unparalleled freedom, allowing you to explore breathtaking landscapes and create lasting memories. However, to truly embrace the open road without sacrificing the comforts of home, a reliable power source is essential. This is where the RV generator comes into play. Far more than just a convenience, an RV generator is often a necessity, providing the electricity needed to run appliances, charge devices, and ensure a comfortable living space, whether you’re boondocking in a remote wilderness or enjoying a quiet evening at a campground without hookups.

Understanding the intricacies of RV generators can seem daunting at first, with various types, sizes, and fuel options available. This comprehensive guide aims to demystify the world of RV generators, helping you make informed decisions to power your adventures efficiently and effectively. We’ll delve into the different kinds of generators, discuss how to determine the right size for your specific needs, cover installation and safety, and provide crucial maintenance tips to ensure longevity and reliable performance.

Understanding the Different Types of RV Generators

When it comes to powering your RV, you’ll encounter several types of generators, each with its own advantages and ideal applications. The primary distinction lies in how they are integrated into your RV and their operational characteristics.

Built-in (Onan) Generators

• Description: These generators are permanently installed within the RV’s chassis, typically in a dedicated compartment. They are often referred to as ‘Onan’ generators, a popular brand synonymous with built-in RV power.
• Fuel Source: Commonly run on the same fuel as the RV’s engine (gasoline or diesel) or on propane.
• Pros:
  • Convenience: Integrated and easy to start with a switch from inside the RV.
  • Quieter Operation: Often designed with sound-dampening enclosures.
  • Higher Capacity: Generally offer more power output for larger RVs and multiple appliances.
  • Security: Less susceptible to theft as they are built-in.
• Cons:
  • Cost: Higher initial purchase price and installation cost if not factory-installed.
  • Maintenance: Can be more challenging due to their integrated nature.
  • Weight: Adds significant weight to the RV.
• Ideal For: Larger Class A and C motorhomes, fifth-wheel trailers, and anyone seeking maximum convenience and power without external setup.

Portable Generators

• Description: These are standalone units that are not permanently attached to the RV. They can be moved and positioned outside the RV.
• Fuel Source: Typically run on gasoline or propane.
• Pros:
  • Versatility: Can be used for other purposes besides the RV (home backup, job sites).
  • Cost-Effective: Generally less expensive than built-in units.
  • Flexibility: Can be placed further away from the RV to reduce noise.
  • Easier Maintenance: More accessible for servicing.
• Cons:
  • Setup: Requires manual setup, fueling, and connecting.
  • Noise: Can be louder than built-in units, especially conventional portable generators.
  • Security: More prone to theft if not secured.
  • Storage: Requires dedicated storage space in or on the RV.
• Ideal For: Smaller RVs, travel trailers, pop-up campers, and those who need a more flexible and budget-friendly power solution.

Inverter Generators (a type of Portable Generator)

• Description: A specialized type of portable generator that uses advanced electronic circuitry to produce clean, stable AC power.
• Fuel Source: Primarily gasoline or propane.
• Pros:
  • Clean Power: Produces sine wave power, safe for sensitive electronics like laptops, smartphones, and medical equipment.
  • Quiet Operation: Often significantly quieter than conventional portable generators due to their design and ‘eco-throttle’ features.
  • Fuel Efficiency: Adjusts engine speed to match power demand, saving fuel.
  • Parallel Capability: Many models can be linked together to double power output.
• Cons:
  • Cost: More expensive than conventional portable generators.
  • Power Output: Individual units typically have lower maximum wattage compared to large conventional or built-in generators.
• Ideal For: RVers who prioritize quiet operation, fuel efficiency, and the protection of sensitive electronics. Excellent for smaller to medium-sized RVs.

Sizing Your RV Generator: How Much Power Do You Really Need?

Choosing the right size RV generator is crucial for ensuring all your appliances run smoothly without overloading the system. An undersized generator won’t power everything you need, while an oversized one is an unnecessary expense and adds extra weight and fuel consumption. The key is to calculate your power requirements.

Step 1: List Your Appliances and Their Wattage

Go through your RV and list every appliance you might want to run simultaneously. For each item, note its running wattage and, for motor-driven appliances, its starting (surge) wattage. This information can usually be found on the appliance’s label, in its manual, or by searching online. Here are some common RV appliances and their approximate wattages:

• Air Conditioner (13,500 BTU): 1,500-2,000 running watts; 3,000-4,000 starting watts
• Microwave (1000W): 1,000-1,500 running watts
• Refrigerator (AC mode): 100-400 running watts; 500-1,000 starting watts
• Hair Dryer: 1,000-1,500 running watts
• Coffee Maker: 800-1,200 running watts
• TV (LED): 50-200 running watts
• Laptop Charger: 50-100 running watts
• Lights (LED): 5-20 running watts per light
• Water Pump: 50-100 running watts

Step 2: Calculate Total Running Watts

Add up the running wattages of all the appliances you anticipate using at the same time. This will give you your baseline continuous power requirement.

Step 3: Identify the Highest Starting Wattage

Among all your motor-driven appliances (like the AC, refrigerator, or microwave), identify the one with the highest starting wattage. This is the momentary surge of power required to get the motor running.

Step 4: Determine Required Generator Wattage

Your generator’s required starting wattage will be the sum of your total running watts (from Step 2) PLUS the highest starting wattage (from Step 3) MINUS the running wattage of that highest starting appliance. This accounts for the fact that only one appliance will typically draw its surge power at any given moment.

Example Calculation:

• Running Watts total for all appliances (excluding AC): 1,000W
• AC Running Watts: 1,800W
• AC Starting Watts: 3,500W

Your generator needs to handle: (1,000W + 1,800W) + (3,500W – 1,800W) = 2,800W + 1,700W = 4,500W. Therefore, you would look for a generator with a peak/starting wattage of at least 4500 watts and a running wattage of at least 2800 watts.

It’s generally recommended to choose a generator that slightly exceeds your calculated needs to provide a buffer and prevent overloading. For most RVers, generators in the 2,000 to 4,000-watt range are common for powering essential items, while larger RVs with multiple air conditioners might require 5,000 watts or more.

Fuel Types for RV Generators

The type of fuel your RV generator uses significantly impacts its operation, cost, and convenience. The most common options are gasoline, propane, and diesel.

Gasoline Generators

• Pros:
  • Availability: Gasoline is readily available at almost any gas station.
  • Power Output: Generally offer good power output relative to their size.
  • Cost: Often have a lower initial purchase price than diesel units.
• Cons:
  • Flammability: Gasoline is highly flammable and requires careful handling and storage.
  • Shelf Life: Gasoline degrades over time, requiring stabilizers if stored for extended periods.
  • Fuel Efficiency: Can be less fuel-efficient than diesel, depending on the model.

Propane (LPG) Generators

• Pros:
  • Clean Burning: Burns cleaner than gasoline or diesel, resulting in less carbon buildup and lower emissions.
  • Long Shelf Life: Propane does not degrade, making it ideal for long-term storage.
  • Convenience: Often connected to the RV’s main propane supply, eliminating the need for separate fuel cans.
  • Safety: Less flammable than gasoline in liquid form, and leaks are easily detected by smell.
• Cons:
  • Fuel Efficiency: Propane generators typically consume more fuel than gasoline or diesel units for the same power output.
  • Availability: While generally available, propane refill stations are not as ubiquitous as gasoline stations.
  • Power Output: May have slightly reduced power output compared to a gasoline equivalent due to the fuel’s energy density.

Diesel Generators

• Pros:
  • Fuel Efficiency: Diesel engines are known for their excellent fuel efficiency and torque.
  • Durability: Diesel generators are typically built for heavy-duty use and have a long lifespan.
  • Safety: Diesel is less volatile than gasoline, reducing fire risk.
  • Matching Fuel: If your RV is diesel-powered, you only need to carry one type of fuel.
• Cons:
  • Cost: Highest initial purchase price among all fuel types.
  • Noise & Vibration: Can be louder and produce more vibration, though modern units are much improved.
  • Maintenance: Can be more complex and costly.
  • Cold Weather Starting: Can be more challenging in very cold temperatures without proper precautions.

Installation and Safety Considerations for Your RV Generator

Proper installation and adherence to safety guidelines are paramount when operating an RV generator. Incorrect use can pose significant risks, including carbon monoxide poisoning, fire, and electrical shock.

Installation for Built-in Generators

• Professional Installation: Built-in generators should always be installed by qualified technicians. This ensures proper wiring, exhaust routing, fuel line connections, and structural mounting.
• Ventilation: Ensure the generator compartment has adequate ventilation to prevent overheating and allow exhaust fumes to escape safely.
• Exhaust System: The exhaust system must be directed away from the RV and any potential living spaces, windows, or doors.

Placement and Operation for Portable Generators

• Outdoor Use Only: Always operate portable generators outdoors, far away from any windows, doors, or vents of your RV or any other structure. Carbon monoxide is odorless and deadly.
• Clearance: Maintain at least 5-7 feet of clearance around the generator to allow for proper airflow and prevent fire hazards.
• Level Surface: Place the generator on a firm, level surface to ensure stable operation and prevent tipping.
• Rain Protection: Never operate a generator in the rain or wet conditions unless it is specifically designed for such use and properly protected.
• Security: Secure your portable generator to prevent theft using chains, cables, or specialized locking devices.

General Safety Tips for All RV Generators

• Carbon Monoxide Detector: Install and regularly test carbon monoxide detectors inside your RV. This is your first line of defense against this silent killer.
• Fuel Handling: Store fuel in approved containers, away from heat sources and out of direct sunlight. Never refuel a hot or running generator.
• Electrical Safety: Ensure all electrical connections are secure and properly rated. Use appropriate extension cords (heavy-duty, outdoor-rated) if necessary, and check for fraying or damage.
• Grounding: Follow manufacturer instructions for grounding your generator to prevent electrical shock.
• Fire Extinguisher: Keep a fire extinguisher readily accessible in your RV.
• Read the Manual: Always read and understand your generator’s owner’s manual before operation.

Essential Maintenance for Your RV Generator

Regular maintenance is key to extending the life of your RV generator and ensuring it performs reliably when you need it most. Neglecting maintenance can lead to costly repairs and inconvenient breakdowns.

Routine Checks (Before Each Use or Annually)

• Check Oil Level: Ensure the oil is at the proper level. Top off if necessary, using the manufacturer-recommended oil type.
• Inspect Air Filter: Check for dirt, debris, or damage. Clean or replace as needed. A dirty air filter can reduce performance and increase fuel consumption.
• Inspect Spark Plug (Gasoline/Propane): Check for fouling or wear. Clean or replace the spark plug according to the service interval.
• Check Fuel Filter: Inspect for clogs or contamination. Replace if necessary.
• Examine Battery: For generators with electric start, ensure the battery terminals are clean and tight, and the battery is fully charged.
• Check for Leaks: Look for any signs of fuel, oil, or exhaust leaks. Address them immediately.
• Test Transfer Switch (if applicable): If your RV has an automatic transfer switch, ensure it functions correctly when switching between shore power and generator power.

Periodic Maintenance (Every 100-200 Hours of Use or Annually)

• Oil Change: Change the engine oil and oil filter (if applicable) at the recommended intervals. This is one of the most critical maintenance tasks.
• Fuel System Cleaning: For gasoline generators, consider using a fuel stabilizer if the generator will be stored for extended periods. Periodically run the generator to circulate fuel and prevent gumming. RV Generators
• Valve Adjustment (Diesel): Diesel generators may require periodic valve adjustments by a qualified technician. RV Generators
• Coolant Level (Liquid-Cooled): If your generator is liquid-cooled, check and maintain the coolant level. RV Generators
• Load Testing: Periodically run your generator under a significant load (e.g., turning on the AC) for at least 30-60 minutes. This helps burn off carbon deposits and keeps the generator in good working order. RV Generators

Long-Term Storage

• Fuel Stabilization: For gasoline generators, add a fuel stabilizer to the fuel tank and run the generator for a few minutes to circulate it throughout the fuel system.
• Drain Carburetor: If possible, drain the carburetor bowl to prevent fuel from gumming up.
• Oil Change: Perform an oil change before long-term storage.
• Spark Plug Removal: Remove the spark plug and add a small amount of engine oil into the cylinder, then slowly pull the recoil cord a few times to distribute the oil. Reinstall the spark plug. This helps prevent rust. RV Generators
• Clean Exterior: Clean the exterior of the generator to remove dirt and debris.
• Cover: Store the generator in a dry, protected area, covered with a breathable cover.

Tips for Efficient and Thoughtful RV Generator Use

Beyond maintenance, how you operate your generator can impact its efficiency, lifespan, and your overall RVing experience, as well as that of your neighbors. RV Generators

Noise Reduction

• Inverter Generators: If noise is a primary concern, an inverter generator is often the best choice due to its quieter operation. RV Generators
• Placement: For portable units, place them as far from your living area and your neighbors’ as possible. RV Generators
• Sound Dampening: Some RVers use external sound-dampening enclosures or baffles, though ensure adequate ventilation to prevent overheating.
• Generator Hours: Be mindful of campground quiet hours. Many campgrounds have specific times when generator use is prohibited. RV Generators

Fuel Efficiency

• Match Load: Run your generator only when necessary and try to match the load to its capacity. Don’t run a large generator for a small load. RV Generators
• Eco-Throttle: Utilize the ‘eco-throttle’ or ‘economy mode’ feature on inverter generators, which automatically adjusts engine speed to match the power demand, saving fuel. RV Generators
• Solar Integration: Consider supplementing your generator with a solar power system. Solar can handle smaller loads and battery charging, reducing generator run time. RV Generators

Environmental and Neighborly Considerations

• Exhaust Direction: Always ensure exhaust fumes are directed away from people, tents, and other RVs. RV Generators
• Respect Quiet Hours: Adhere strictly to campground generator hours. Even outside these hours, be considerate of others. RV Generators
• Minimize Run Time: Use your generator efficiently to minimize its run time, reducing noise and emissions. RV Generators
• Check Regulations: Be aware of any local regulations regarding generator use, especially in national parks or wilderness areas. RV Generators

Troubleshooting Common RV Generator Issues

Even with proper maintenance, generators can sometimes encounter issues. Knowing some basic troubleshooting steps can help you quickly resolve minor problems. RV Generators

Generator Won’t Start

• No Fuel: Check fuel level. Ensure the fuel valve is open.
• Old/Stale Fuel: If gasoline, it might have degraded. Drain and refill with fresh fuel.
• Low Oil: Many generators have a low-oil shutdown sensor. Check and add oil.
• Spark Plug: Inspect the spark plug. Clean, gap, or replace if necessary.
• Battery (Electric Start): Check the battery charge and connections for electric start models.
• Choke: Ensure the choke is properly set for starting, especially in cold weather.

Generator Runs But Has No Power Output

• Circuit Breaker Tripped: Check the generator’s circuit breakers (AC output breakers) and the main breaker in your RV’s electrical panel.
• Overload: The generator may have been overloaded, tripping its internal breaker. Reduce the load and reset. RV Generators
• GFCI Tripped: If your generator has GFCI outlets, check if they have tripped.
• Transfer Switch: For built-in units, ensure the automatic transfer switch is functioning correctly.

Generator Shuts Down Unexpectedly

• Overload: The generator may be overloaded. Reduce appliances running.
• Low Oil: The low-oil sensor may have activated. Check and add oil.
• Overheating: Check for obstructions to airflow, dirty fins, or low coolant (if liquid-cooled).
• Fuel Starvation: Check fuel level, fuel filter, and fuel lines for clogs. RV Generators

Excessive Noise or Vibration

• Loose Components: Check for loose bolts, panels, or mounts.
• Improper Placement: Ensure portable units are on a level, stable surface.
• Engine Issues: Could indicate internal engine problems; if persistent, seek professional help.

The Future of RV Power: Beyond Traditional Generators

While traditional RV generators remain a cornerstone of mobile power, the landscape of off-grid energy is evolving rapidly. RVers now have more options than ever to power their adventures, often in conjunction with or as an alternative to conventional generators. RV Generators

Solar Power Systems

• Description: Consist of solar panels, a charge controller, batteries, and an inverter. They convert sunlight into electricity, which is stored in batteries.
• Pros: Silent, emissions-free, renewable, low ongoing fuel cost.
• Cons: High initial cost, dependent on sunlight, limited power output compared to generators for high-demand appliances like AC. RV Generators
• Integration: Many RVers combine solar with a generator. Solar handles daily charging and light loads, while the generator kicks in for heavy loads or cloudy days.

Lithium Batteries

• Description: Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries are rapidly replacing traditional lead-acid batteries in RVs.
• Pros: Lighter weight, longer lifespan, faster charging, deeper discharge cycles, consistent power output. RV Generators
• Impact on Generators: Lithium batteries can significantly reduce generator run time. Their ability to accept a faster charge means you can run your generator for shorter periods to fully recharge the battery bank. RV Generators

Battery Banks and Inverters

• Description: A large battery bank paired with a powerful inverter allows you to store significant amounts of DC power and convert it to AC for household appliances.
• Use Case: With a large enough battery bank (often lithium) and solar charging, some RVers can almost entirely eliminate the need for a generator, using it only as a backup.

The combination of these technologies is leading to more sustainable, quieter, and more independent RVing experiences. While a traditional RV generator will likely remain a crucial component for many, especially for high power demands, embracing these newer technologies can enhance your off-grid capabilities and reduce your reliance on fossil fuels. RV Generators

A well-chosen and properly maintained RV generator is an indispensable tool for any RVer seeking comfort and convenience on the road. By understanding the different types, accurately sizing your needs, adhering to safety protocols, and performing regular maintenance, you can ensure your power source is always ready for your next adventure. Whether you’re enjoying the tranquility of boondocking or simply need an extra boost at a campground, your RV generator empowers you to live life on your terms, wherever the road may lead. RV Generators